What Companies Google & Alphabet Own: Visuals & Full List

For understanding any company better, I think it is essential to understand also what subsidiary companies it owns and how they are organized. In this article, I would like to share with you what I was able to learn from available public resources about Alphabet/Google subsidiaries.

Alphabet/Google owns hundreds of companies. The most prominent ones are:

• Google Inc.: a core moneymaker
• XXVI Holding Inc: holding company
• Alphabet Holdings LLC: houses alphabet’s investments (CapitalG and GV)
• X Developments LLC: “Moonshot” Factory
• Other “Other Bets”: Waymo, Verily, Calico

To make it easier to understand, I have organized and visualize everything in an organizational structure chart below.

In the chart above, I had to condense Google Inc., the most significant part of Alphabet Inc, into just one box. However, a significant portion of nearly 400 hundred companies that are part of Alphabet Inc group is, in fact, subsidiaries of Google LLC. Also, there are many interesting things about Alphabet and Google companies that I was not able to put into this visual.

In the next chapters, I will go in detail not only through top-level companies that you see above, but I will also show you corporate organizational structure for sub-groups Google LLC and Alphabet Holdings LLC. You will also learn what 🥃🥃 “Double Irish” with 🥪 “Dutch Sandwich” is.

For those of you, that want to go through list of all the other companies that did not make it to my selection, there is a list of them at the very end of this article.

What Companies Are Owned by Alphabet Inc: Top-Level Organizational Structure & Subsidiaries List

In the organizational structure chart above, you could see that Alphabet Inc. owns XXVI Holdings, Inc., and this holding company owns all core parts of the Alphabet. The most important is, obviously, Google LLC, which produces 99% of the Alphabets Inc. consolidated revenue.

Before I jump into describing individual companies, let me give you insight into the level of detail Alphabet, Inc. management is currently providing about its subsidiaries. In their latest 2018 annual report (10-K). Alphabet Inc. disclosed that it owns four significant subsidiaries. They were:

• Google LLC (core profit maker)
• XXVI Holdings Inc.
• Google Ireland Holdings (Google LLC subsidiary, that realizes most international profits)
• Alphabet Capital US LLC (a company I currently know nothing about :-(, but thanks to Google we at least know that it is important)

As you can see, Alphabet and most of the other big US corporations do not disclose its full list of subsidiaries but only the “significant” one. So I had to go to other public resources (SEC filling, company registries, court document, ..) to put together a list of companies and their relationships.

Someone might say that this detailed information is not needed when we have a consolidated financial statements where everything is taken into account. I will disagree. When I am analyzing a group of companies, I need to understand their organizational structure. Which legal entities are within the group, and how are they connected. Who owns who? Is there any cross-ownership?

There are currently around 400 companies that I know are part of Alphabet Inc. There probably are companies that I am not aware of, mainly if they do not have “Google” or “Alphabet” in their name and are registered in Delaware.

Below you can find a list of the companies shown in the chart for top-level Alphabet structure. Subsidiaries that did not make it to any of the organizational charts in this article are included in the “Other Alphabet Subsidiaries List”. Yout can find it at the end of this article.

📃 List of Selected Top-Level Alphabet Inc. Subsidiaries (16 Companies)

Company	Country	Description
Alphabet Holdings LLC		Holding company that covers mainly subsidiaries focused on investment (GV and Capital G) It used to be owned by Google LLC. It is owned by XXVI Holdings Inc now.
Alphabet Inc.		Parent holding company since 2015. If you own stocks of Google/Alphabet, you own a piece of this company.
Calico Life Sciences LLC		Research and development company working on understanding aging.
Calico LLC (Calico Group LLC)		Holding company of Calico Life Sciences LLC. Company is doing business as Calico Group LLC
Chronicle LLC		Cybersecurity company that creates tools for businesses to prevent cybercrime on their platforms.
Google LLC		Core Google parent company originally named Google Inc. before Google transformed itself into Alphabet. This is where most of the profits come from.
Loon Holdings Inc.		Holding company
Loon LLC		Company is working on providing Internet access to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons.
OB Technologies Inc.		Holding company
OB Technology Holdings Inc.		Holding company
Waymo Holding Inc.		Holding company for Waymo
Waymo LLC		Company developed autonomous car technology and currently operates “testing” rides in several US states and already launched Waymo One service in Phoenix. Recently it announced that it will not make its own cars but rather focus on autonomous driving technology.
Wing Aviation LLC		Company developed drone delivering technology. It became independent from Project X in 2018. It is currently testing in Australia.
X Development Holdings Inc.		Holding company
X Development LLC		Called “Moonshot Factory.” The company says it is working on solving the world’s hardest problems using technology. Wing, Loom, and Waymo, which are now separate businesses, started as X projects.
XXVI Holdings, Inc		Layer between Alphabet Inc. and individual companies of Alphabet. I was not able to find official reasons why they did that, and what benefits for the company (and shareholders) this additional layer has? Is this to lower some regulatory or disclosure requirements, tax reasons, or is this just technicality that was somehow needed to make the whole restructuring possible? The name of the company is referring to the Roman numeral of 26, the number of letters in the alphabet

What Companies Google LLC Owns: Organizational Structure & Subsidiaries List

Google LLC has over 200 direct and indirect subsidiaries, and in the visualization above (and also list directly below), you will find only the most important ones. Companies that were not selected for this list are part of the long list at the end of this article.

📃 List of Selected Google LLC Subsidiaries: 23 Companies

Company	Country	Description
DeepMind Technologies Limited		Artificial intelligence/Machine Learning
DoubleClick Holding Corp.		Online advertising company that Google acquired a decade ago. It recently announced that it is rebranding its advertising products, and it will no longer use DoubleClick brand. It might mean that DoubleClick related companies will be closed or merged with other companies. It might have already happened.
Dropcam, Inc.		Home monitoring. Company is known for its Wi-Fi video streaming cameras. Was acquired by Nest soon after Nest was acquired by Google. This acquisition is often given as an example of how an acquisition can go wrong.
Google Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd		Singapore company that channels revenues (royalties) from Asia/Pacific region (through the Netherlands) to Ireland Holdings Unlimited. It has a similar purpose to Google Ireland Limited in Europe.
Google Bermuda Limited		Hard to say, where in the company hierarchy this sits. Might be the parent company of Google Bermuda Unlimited
Google Dialer Inc.		Not sure exactly but connected to Google Fiber and Google Voice.
Google Fiber Inc.		Internet Access Provider
Google Fiber North America Inc.		Internet Access Provider
Google International LLC		Holding company for Google’s subsidiaries in individual countries outside the US.
Google Ireland Holdings Unlimited Comp.		This is a very “famous” Google subsidiary that is incorporated in Ireland but managed and controlled in Bermuda. Google at least up to recently used this subsidiary as part of the “Double Irish” with “Dutch Sandwich” tax optimization scheme that is very common among large international companies. The company serves partially as a holding company for some international businesses but mainly as a holder of Google intellectual property that it further licensed to other Google companies for a fee.
Google Ireland Limited		Google Services Provider for Europe and Switzerland. It books a lot of revenue, but makes very small profits, since it pays a lot to Google Netherlands BV for Google’s intellectual property. Google Netherlands BV than channels this revenue to Google Ireland Unlimited that is incorporated in Ireland but domiciled in Bermuda.
Google Netherlands Holdings B.V.		This company is used as a middle layer between Google Ireland Limited and Google Ireland Holdings. This allows Alphabet to pay very low taxes from its European operations thanks to a tax optimization scheme called “Double Irish” with “Dutch Sandwich.” This loophole was very popular among international technology companies and was already fixed for new arrangements. Companies that were already using it, however, will be able to do so until 2020.
Google North America Inc.		Provider of Google FI service (wireless network)
Google Payment Corp.		Google’s companies that handle money transfers and peer-to-peer transactions. In US payments are processed by Google Payment Corp. (GPC), which has the appropriate license for transmitting money and for peer-to-peer transactions in US.
Google Payment Ireland Limited		Providing Google Payment Services for whole European Union (except UK) as a replacement for Google Payment UK. UK subsidiary will keep providing services for UK.
Google Voice Inc.		Provider of Google Voice service.
GU Holdings Inc.		Through this company, Google is building subsea cable infrastructure. For example, in 2019, they finished the connection between Los Angeles and Chile.
Nest Labs (Europe) Limited		“virtual subsidiary” of Nest Labs. Owned by Google Ireland Holdings Unlimited, so not directly under Nest Labs
Nest Labs Inc.		Company flagship product and company’s first offering before it was acquired by Google was Nest Learning Thermostat. Nest operated independently of Google from 2015 to 2018. However, in 2018, Nest was merged into Google’s home-devices. (Still not sure if it was only organizational merger or also legal merger)
Nest Labs Singapore Pte. Ltd.		virtual “subsidiary” of Nest Labs. Owned by Google Ireland Holdings Unlimited.
Verily Life Sciences LLC		Research company developing tools that focus on health data and how they can help with timely decision-making and effective interventions. (formerly Google Live Sciences)
Waze Mobile Ltd.		GPS navigation software. Waze describes its app as a community-driven GPS navigation app, which is free to download and use. Waze is owned directly by Google LLC.
YouTube, LLC		Youtube is a very successful video sharing and hosting service that Google acquired in 2006. This acquisition became hugely successful for Google. But not everybody was persuaded that the acquisition made sense at the time.

What Companies Alphabet Holding LLC Owns: Organizational Structure & Subsidiaries List

Alphabet Holding LLC is a holding company that is a direct subsidiary of XXVI Holdings, Inc. It is focused mainly on managing Google/Alphabet investments. Both Alphabet investment managing firms CapitalG and GV are housed under this holding. CapitalG and GV invest in other companies, but since those are usually small stakes below 50%, these companies are not part of Alphabet Group. If you want to know more about what companies do they invest in, both CapitalG and GV have a helpful list of their investments on their webpages.

📃 List of Selected Alphabet Holding LLC Subsidiaries: 42 Companies

Company	Country	Description
CapitalG 2013 GP LLC		Fund Manager
CapitalG 2013 LP		Fund
CapitalG 2014 GP LLC		Fund Manager
CapitalG 2014 LP		Fund
CapitalG 2015 GP LLC		Fund Manager
CapitalG 2015 LP		Fund
CapitalG GP II LLC		Fund
CapitalG GP LLC		Fund Manager
CapitalG II LP		Fund
CAPITALG INTERNATIONAL LLC		Unknown purpose
CapitalG LP		Fund
CapitalG Management Company LLC		CapitalG Core Management Company
CapitalG Rise LLC		Unknown purpose
Google Capital 2016 GP, L.L.C.		Used to be under Google Inc., but since all Google Capital moved, I assume this moved under Alphabet Holdings too.
Google Capital 2016, L.P.		Fund
Google Capital Management Company, L.L.C.		Google Capital management company (Google Capital is an old name for CapitalG)
GV 2009 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2009, L.P.		Fund
GV 2010 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2010, L.P.		Fund
GV 2011 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2011, L.P.		Fund
GV 2012 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2012, L.P.		Fund
GV 2013 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2013, L.P.		Fund
GV 2014 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2014, L.P.		Fund
GV 2015 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2015, L.P.		Fund
GV 2016 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2016, L.P.		Fund
GV 2017 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2017 GP, L.P.		Fund manager
GV 2017, L.P.		Fund
GV 2019 GP, L.L.C.		Fund manager
GV 2019 GP, L.P.		Fund manager
GV 2019, L.P.		Fund
GV Management Company, L.L.C.		Core management company for GV
GV UK Management Company Limited		Small UK based branch of “GV Management” (3 employees in 2018)
Sidewalk Labs LLC		Urban innovation organization whose goal is to improve urban infrastructure through technological solutions and tackle challenges of urban growth such as cost of living, efficient transportation, and energy usage.
Sidewalk Labs Management Company LLC		Urban innovation

❓ Why Does Alphabet Inc Exist? Why Was Google Transformed Into Alphabet?

Before 2015, there was no Alphabet, and Google Inc. was a publicly-traded company that you could directly own by buying its shares. All subsidiaries were subsidiaries to Google Inc. In 2015 Google transformed into Alphabet, where Alphabet Inc became the top parent company that was publicly traded. Google Inc. shareholders became overnight Alphabet Inc shareholders.

In reality, many “Other Bets” businesses still stayed as subsidiaries of Google LLC even after the 2015 transformation, and it was only recently when the whole transformation was finalized. Finally, “Other Bets” companies were moved from outside Google LLC.

The reasons for this complex transformation were described by Google management as an “increase in transparency and oversight,” That would be achieved by putting larger projects at the same level as Goole LLC with their separate management, reporting directly to Alphabet Inc management.

I clearly see the benefits of why this was done and how it could help Google/Alphabet to run more efficiently. The problem is, that proclaimed increase in transparency was only internal for Google management. Transparency for investors did not increase.

Another reason behind the transformation was obviously limiting risk. By separating Google into different companies, each one of them is independent of each other. If something bad happens in one company, the others would be protected from it.

🥃🥪🥃 What is Double Irish & Dutch Sandwich Arrangement?

Double Irish & Dutch Sandwich is a very popular and publicized arrangement through which mostly US companies were optimizing their taxes from European businesses. It involved two Irish and one Dutch company. Wikipedia has a nice article on both Double Irish and Dutch Sandwich, explaining how it works. In Alphabet/Google case. Companies involved in Double Irish with Dutch Sandwich arrangement are assumed to be:

• Google Ireland Holding Unlimited (Irish company with Bermuda domicile)
• Google Netherlands Holdings B.V. (Dutch “sandwich” company that serves as an intermediary between two Ireland companies)
• Google Ireland Limited (Ireland company that is directly booking revenue from European business, and sends most of the revenue to the Netherlands as royalties for leasing Google’s intellectual property.

📃 List of All Other Alphabet Inc. Direct or Indirect Subsidiaries: 296 Companies

Here is a list of all other companies that I identified as part of Alphabet Inc subsidiaries and did not mention in any of the lists above. There are 296 companies in this list, and together with the companies I mentioned above, it is in total 377 Alphabet/Google Subsidiaries listed in this article.

Company	Country	Description
Aardvark		Q&A service
Admeld Inc.		Online advertising
AdMob, Inc.		Mobile advertising
Adometry, Inc.		Online advertising attribution
AdScape Media, Inc. AdScape Media (Canada), Inc.		In-game advertising
Aegino Unlimited Company		Company was mentioned in some articles as owner of several other companies operating data centers.
Agawi Inc.		Mobile application streaming
Agnilux Inc.		CPUs design
AIMatter OOO		Computer vision
Akwan Information Technologies Inc		Search engine
allPAY GmbH		Mobile software developer
Alooma, Inc.		Cloud migration
Alpental Technologies, Inc.		Wireless Technology
Alphabet Capital Management LLC		Unknown purpose
Alphabet Capital US II LLC		Unknown purpose
Alphabet Capital US LLC		Currently, I have no idea what is this company’s purpose. Might be a new investment SPV, might be some temporary company that was needed for finalizing the transformation of Google to Alphabet. The thing is, it was one of only four companies that Google mentioned this one as “significant” in their annual report, which means this is not just an empty shell.
Alphabet Capital, LLC		Incorporated in 2018 in Delaware, otherwise no further details about it.
Android Inc.		Mobile operating system
Angstro, Inc.		Social networking service
Anvato Inc.		Cloud-based video services
API.AI		Natural language processing
Apigee Corporation (USA) Apigee Technologies (India) Private Limited (IND) Apigee Europe Limited (GBR) Apigee Singapore Pte Ltd (SGP) Apigee Australia Pty Ltd (AUS) Apigee Japan K K (JPN) Apigee Corporation (branch) (ARE) InsightsOne Systems, Inc. (USA)	Various	API management and predictive analytics
AppBridge Inc.		Google Cloud migration
Appetas		Restaurant website creation
Applied Semantics, Inc.		Online advertising
Appurify Inc.		Automated application testing
Apture, Inc.		Instantaneous search
Autofuss		Art and Design
BandPage, Inc.		Platform for musicians
BeatThatQuote.com Limited		Price comparison service
bebop Technologies, Inc.		Cloud software
Behavio		Social Prediction
Beijing Gu Xiang Information Technology Co. Limited (Join Venture)		Internet Search (Join Venture)
Bitium, Inc.		Single sign-on and identity management
Bitspin GmbH		Timely App for Android
BlindType Inc		Touch typing
Bot & Dolly Inc.		Robotic cameras
bruNET Holding AG bruNET GmbH bruNET Schweiz GmbH		Mobile software
Bump Technologies		Mobile software
Bump Technologies Inc. (BumpTop)		Desktop environment
Cask Data Inc.		Big data analytics
Ceann Nua Limited		Editorial control services
Channel Intelligence, Inc.		Ecommerce services
Charleston Road Registry Inc.		Company serving as top level Domain registrar, since rules required it to be a separate company from Google.
Clever Sense, Inc.		Local recommendations app
Cronologics Inc.		Smart watches
Cwist, Inc. (Workbench )		Online learning provider
DailyDeal GmbH		One deal a day service
Dealmap		One deal a day service
Digisfera		360-degree photography
Digital Advertising and Marketing Limited (GBR) DoubleClick Asia Ltd. (HKG) DoubleClick Australia Pty Ltd (AUS) DoubleClick Europe Limited (GBR) DoubleClick Hispania SL (ESP) DoubleClick International Asia BV (NLD) DoubleClick International Holding LLC (USA) DoubleClick International Internet Advertising Limited (IRL) DoubleClick International TechSolutions Limited (IRL) DoubleClick Internet Ireland Limited (IRL) DoubleClick Real Property LLC (USA) DoubleClick Sweden AB (SWE) DoubleClick Technology Pte. Ltd. (SGP) DoubleClick TechSolutions (Beijing) Co. Ltd. (CHN) Falk eSolutions GmbH (CHE) Falk eSolutions Ltd. (GBR) Google Affiliate Network Inc. (USA) MessageMedia Europe BV (SWE) MessageMedia GmbH (DEU) MessageMedia US/Europe Inc. (USA)	Various	Group of subsidiaries that are part of DoubleClick Holding
Directr Inc.		Mobile video app
Divide, Inc.		App splitting phone into two modes, personal & work.
dMarc Broadcasting, Inc. Scott Concepts, LLC Scott Studios, LLC		Radio advertising software
DNNresearch Inc.		Deep Neural Networks (image recognition)
DocVerse, Inc.		Microsoft Office files sharing site
DoubleClick International Asia Holding NV		Holding company
DrawElements OY		Graphics compatibility testing
eBook Technologies, Inc.		E-book distribution
Emu		IM client
Endoxon AG Endoxon (Deutchland) GmbH Endoxon (India) Private Ltd.		Mapping
Episodic, Inc.		Online video platform start-up
Eyefluence, Inc.		Eye tracking, virtual reality
Fabric		Mobile app platform
FameBit, LLC		Marketing platform connecting online creators and brands
FeedBurner Inc.		Web feed
Firebase, Inc.		Application development platform
Flexycore SAS		DroidBooster App for Android
Flutter		Gesture recognition technology
Fly Labs Inc.		Video editing
FortyTwo Inc. (Kifi)		Link management
Fridge		Social groups
Gecko Design Inc.		Mechanical design
Global IP Solutions Holding AB		Video and audio compression
Google (Hong Kong) Limited (HKG) Google Google Reklamcilik ve Pazarlama (Google Advertising and Marketing Limited) (TUR) Google Argentina S.R.L. (ARG) Google Australia Pty Ltd. (AUS) Google Austria GmbH (AUT) Google Belgium NV (BEL) Google Brasil Internet Ltda. (BRA) Google Canada Corporation (CAN) Google Czech Republic s.r.o. (CZE) Google Denmark ApS (DNK) Google Egypt LLC (EGY) Google Finland OY (FIN) Google France SarL (FRA) Google FZ LLC (ARE) Google Germany GmbH (DEU) Google Holdings Pte. Ltd. (SGP) Google Chile Limitada (CHL) Google India Private Limited (IND) Google Information Technology Services Limited Liability Company (HUN) Google Israel Ltd. (ISR) Google Italy s.r.l. (ITA) Google Japan Inc. (JPN) Google Korea, LLC. (KOR) Google Limited Liability Company-Google OOO (RUS) Google Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V. (MEX) Google New Zealand Ltd. (NZL) Google Norway AS (NOR) Google Poland Sp. z o.o. (POL) Google South Africa (Proprietary) Limited (ZAP) Google Spain, S.L. (ESP) Google Sweden AB (SWE) Google Switzerland GmbH (CHE) Google UK Limited (GBR) Google Netherlands B.V. (NLD)	Various	Group of Google’s international subsidiaries that operate in many countries around the world. Majority of them are subsidiaries of Google International LLC
Google Affordable Housing I LLC		Holding Company
Google Airwaves Inc.		This google subsidiary took part in FCC auction for the 700mhz spectrum in United States.
Google Bermuda Unlimited		Probably part of “Double Irish” tax scheme. Is this parent company of Google Ireland Holdings?
Google Cable Bermuda Ltd		Unknown purpose. Is it related to underwater cables Google is building?
Google CFLL Inc.		Unknown purpose
Google Commerce Limited		Unknown purpose
Google Compare Auto Insurance Services Inc.		Auto insurance comparison service
Google Compare Credit Cards Inc.		Credit Card comparison service
Google Compare Mortgages Inc.		Mortgage comparison service
Google Endeavor LLC		Internet Commerce
Google Energy LLC		Wholesale power trading
Google Engineering UK Holdings Limited		Holding company
Google Europe International Technology Unlimited Company		Unknown purpose
Google Fiber California, LLC		Fiber Service
Google Information Technology (China) Co., Limited		Software development
Google Information Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited		Internet Search
Google Infrastructure Bermuda Limited		Unknown purpose
Google Payment Hong Kong Limited		Google Pay Services
Google Payment Lithuania		Google Pay Services. Not sure if this company really operates. It was probably on the short list to be counterparty for the whole Europe as a replacement for Google Payment UK. At the end, european business was handed over to Google Payment Ireland.
Google Payment Ltd.		This company used to be the main payment service provider for Europe. This role was handed over to Google Payment Ireland, because of looming Brexit.
Google Payment Singapore Pte. Ltd.		Google Pay Services
Google Singapore Pte. Ltd.		Hosting service
Google SJC Bermuda Limited		Unknown purpose
Google Spectrum Investments Inc.		Unknown purpose
Google Sweden Tecnique AB		Unknown purpose
GrandCentral Communication, Inc.		Voice over IP
GraphicsFuzz Ltd.		GPU reliability
Green Border Technologies, Inc.		Computer security
Green Parrot Pictures Ltd		Digital video (quality & speed)
GreenThrottle		Acquihire of android game maker
Halli Labs Private Limited		Artificial intelligence
Holomni LLC		Robotic wheels
Ignite Logic Inc.		HTML editor
ImageAmerica, Inc. ImageAmerica Aviation, Inc.		Aerial photography
Impermium Inc.		Internet security
Incentive Targeting Inc.		Digital coupons
Industrial Perception Inc.		Robotic arms, computer vision
Instantiations Inc.		Java/Eclipse/AJAX developer tools
Invite Media Inc.		Display advertising
ITA Software Inc.		Travel technology
Jambool, Inc.		“Social Gold” payments
Jetpac Inc.		Artificial intelligence, image recognition
Jibe Mobile Inc.		Rich Communication Services
Kaggle Inc.		Data science competitions
Katango, Inc.		Social circle organization
Keyhole, Inc.		Map analysis
LabPixies Ltd.		Social games & widgets
LaunchKit		Toolkit for mobile app development
Launchpad Toys Inc.		Child-friendly apps
LeapDroid Inc.		Android Emulator
Leonberger Holdings B.V.		Not sure about the purpose of this company, except the fact that Leonberger Yoska was “official” Google dog in early 2000.
Leti Link Holdings Limited		Purpose unknown
Lift Labs Inc		Liftware developer (utensils for people with tremor)
Like.com Inc.		Visual search engine
Limes Audio AB		Voice communication
Lumedyne Technologies Incorporated		Developer of MEMs-based, inertial direction sensors.
Makani Power Inc.		Airborne wind turbines
MDialog Corp.		Online advertising
Meebo, Inc.		Social networking
Meka Robotics LLC		Robots
Metaweb Technologies, Inc.		Semantic search
Moodstocks SAS		Image recognition
MyEnergy		Online energy usage monitoring
Neotonic Software Corporation		Customer relationship management
Next New Networks LLC		Online video
Nightcorn, Inc.		Video sharing
Nik Software Inc.		Photography
Nimbuz, Inc. (Odysee)		Multimedia sharing and storage
NVF Tech Limited (Redux) NVF Sub Limited Redux Management Limited Redux Laboratories LLP		Audio
Omnisio, Inc.		Online Video
On2 Technologies, Inc.		Video compression
Orbitera Inc.		Cloud software for cloud marketplaces
Owlchemy Labs LLC		Virtual reality studio
Panoramio		Photo sharing
PeakStream Inc.		Parallel processing
Peng Ji Information Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd.		Software development
Phonetic Arts Limited		Speech synthesis
Pie		Enterprise communications
PittPatt		Facial recognition system
Pixate Inc.		Mobile software prototyping
Plannr		Schedule management
Plink Search		Visual search engine
Postini, Inc. Postini Canada Holding Co. Postini Switzerland GmbH Postini UK Limited		Communications security
PostRank Inc.		Social media analytics service
Pulse.io Inc.		Mobile app optimizer
Punch’d Energy Incorporated (Punchd)		Loyalty program
Pushlife Inc.		Service provider
Pyra Labs		Blogger and Blogspot web self-publishing system
Quest Visual Inc.		Augmented reality
Quickoffice, Inc		Mobile office suite
Qwiklabs Inc.		Cloud-based hands-on training platform
Raiden Unlimited Company		Probably company holding Google’s data center investments?
Rangespan Ltd.		E-commerce
reCAPTCHA Inc.		Security/Books digitalization
Red Hot Labs Inc.		App advertising and discovery
Redwood Robotics		Robotic arms
RelativeWave LLC		Mobile software prototyping
Relay Media Inc.		AMP converter
reMail LLC		Email search
Revolv		Home automation
RightsFlow Inc.		Music rights management
Ruba.com		Travel
SageTV, LLC		Media center
SayNow		Voice recognition
Schaft		Robotics, humanoid robots
Senosis Health Inc.		Health monitoring
Sigmoid Labs Private Ltd.		Indian railway tracking
Simplify Media		Music streaming
Skia Inc.		Graphics library
Skillman & Hackett		Virtual reality software
Skybox Imaging, Inc.		Satellite
Skydocks GmbH		urpose unknown
SlickLogin		Internet Security
Slide, Inc.		Social gaming
SocialDeck Inc.		Social gaming
SocialGrapple		Social media analytics service
Songza		Music streaming
Sparkbuy Inc.		Product search and comparison
‎Sparrow SARL		Mobile apps
Spidercrunch Limited (spider.io)		Anti-click fraud
Sprinks		Online advertising
Stackdriver		Cloud computing
Studio SBV, Inc. (Oyster)		E-book subscriptions
Superpod Inc.		Question and answer app
Supyar Technologies Pvt Ltd. (Quiksee)		Online video
Synergyse		Interactive tutorials
Talaria Technologies Inc.		Cloud computing
TalkBin		Mobile software
Tatter and Company (TNC)		Weblog software
Tenor Inc.		GIF image search
Teracent Corporation		Online advertising
Terrabella Technologies Limited		Software development
Terraform Labs Incorporated (Onward)		Customer service and sales workflows automation using a chatbot
Thrive Audio		Surround sound technology
Timeful Inc.		Mobile software
Tiny Garage Labs Inc. (60db)		Podcasts
Titan Aerospace		High-altitude UAVs
Trendalyzer		Visualization Software
TxVia, Inc.		Online payments
Upstartle, LLC		Word processor
Urban Engines Inc.		Location-based analytics
Urchin Software Corporation		Web analytics
Velostrata Inc.		Cloud migration
Vidmaker Inc.		Video editing
Viewdle		Facial recognition
VirusTotal.com		Security
Wavii Inc.		Natural Language Processing
Webpass Inc.		Internet service provider
Zave Networks Inc.		Digital coupons
Zetawire Inc.		Mobile payment, NFC
ZipDash Inc.		Traffic analysis
Zynamics		Security
Zync Inc. (Zync Render)		Cloud-based visual effects software

Disclaimer: Although I did my best to make this list as complete and correct as possible, there might be companies that are part of Alphabet and are not mentioned in the list (or vice versa). There also might be some errors in the list and the relationship between the companies. A mistake could happen, for example, when acquisition happened, but Alphabet did not announce it, or the company was liquidated, sold, or moved to other holding companies without making it public (could be the issue with small acquisitions that I still keep in the list). Also, there are companies that I might have just missed.

If you think I missed something or know about other companies that should be on the list, please let me know through my Twitter or LinkedIn. I will look into it.

📚 Resources & Links

• Who Really Owns Google (Alphabet) and Who Controls It
  Overview of who owns Alphabet (Google) and who controls it. With a list of the largest shareholders and how much is each of their stake worth.

• List of subsidiaries that Alphabet Inc disclosed in its 2018 annual report (10-K) Only four “significant subsidiaries” were disclosed.

• List of subsidiaries that Google Inc. disclosed in its 2009 annual report (10-K) This was the last time Google disclosed a more comprehensive list of its subsidiaries (117 subsidiaries at that time)

• Wikipedia: List of Mergers and Acquisitions by Alphabet This is a great consolidated, continually updated list of more than 200 Google/Alphabet’s acquisitions. It helped me a lot with my research, mainly thanks to the list of links to original announcements and news articles.

• State of Delaware Company Registry: One has to wonder if the user interface is so user-unfriendly on purpose. Additionally, you can only find for free if the company ever existed. If you want to know if the company is still active, it will cost you $10.

• State of California Company Registry: Straightforward to use, with online free access also to documents companies are required to submit. However, it includes only companies that do business in California or registered in California. Unfortunately, Google US subsidiaries are mostly registered in Delaware.